Search results for " Heat"
showing 10 items of 830 documents
Plasma diagnostic tools for ECR ion sources : What can we learn from these experiments for the next generation sources
2019
International audience; The order-of-magnitude performance leaps of ECR ion sources over the past decades result from improvements to the magnetic plasma confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency, and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. Parallel to the technical development of the ion sources themselves, significant effort has been directed into the development of their plasma diagnostic tools. We review the recent results of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasma diagnostics highlighting a number of selected examples of plasma density, electron energy distribution, and ion confinement time measurements, obtained mostly with the second-gener…
Joule heating and the thermal evolution of old neutron stars
1998
We consider Joule heating caused by dissipation of the magnetic field in the neutron star crust. This mechanism may be efficient in maintaining a relatively high surface temperature in very old neutron stars. Calculations of the thermal evolution show that, at the late evolutionary stage ($t \geq 10$ Myr), the luminosity of the neutron star is approximately equal to the energy released due to the field dissipation and is practically independent of the atmosphere models. At this stage, the surface temperature can be of the order of $3 \times 10^{4} - 10^{5}$K. Joule heating can maintain this high temperature during extremely long time ($\geq 100$ Myr), comparable with the decay time of the m…
Concepts for medium-high to high temperature thermoelectric heat-to-electricity conversion: a review of selected materials and basic considerations o…
2015
Within the last decade, novel materials concepts and nanotechnology have resulted in a great increase of the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials. Despite this, a mass market for thermoelectric heat-to-electricity conversion is yet to be opened up. One reason for this is that the transfer of the lab records into fabrication techniques which enable thermoelectric generator modules is very challenging. By closing the gap between record lab values and modules, broad industrial applications may become feasible. In this review, we compare three classes of materials, all designed for medium-high to high temperature applications in the field of waste heat recovery: skutterudites, half…
Auxin application and cutting length affect rooting in Cuphea hyssopifolia stem cuttings
2017
The effect of cutting length and indole-3-buyric acid (IBA) application on adventitious root formation stem cuttings was studied in Cuphea hyssopifolia. Softwood terminal cuttings of a clone grown in Sicily were trimmed to three lengths (2, 4 or 6 cm) and inserted to a 1-cm depth in bottom heated plastic trays containing a humidified peat-vermiculite mixture 1:2 (v/v). To verify the cutting response to different auxin concentrations, cuttings were dipped to a 1.0 cm depth in a 500ppm or 1000 ppm IBA solutions for 10 seconds. Cutting percent survival was 100%. Regardless of cutting length, the highest rooting percentage was obtained with IBA at 1000 ppm (avg. 86.7%), whereas rooting signific…
Implementation of active infrared NDT techniques using long square heating pulses
2012
The present work describes the implementation of active IR Thermography techniques for the NDT of thick polymer and glass-fibre reinforced polymer (GRP) composite panels. A low cost Thermal NDT set-up is proposed, comprising a single-detector IR camera with low thermal resolution and low frame rate, and common low-power halogen lamps as external heat source devices. The use of halogen lamps in particular requires several seconds of switch-on time in order to deliver meaningful and effective heat quantities. The influence of such long heat deposition intervals is investigated on the possibility to implement Transient Thermography and Lock-In Thermography techniques. Regarding the Transient T…
Total absorption γ -ray spectroscopy of niobium isomers
2019
15 pags. 17 figs., 5 tabs.
Principal component analysis on molecular descriptors as an alternative point of view in the search of new Hsp90 inhibitors
2009
Inhibiting a protein that regulates multiple signal transduction pathways in cancer cells is an attractive goal for cancer therapy. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is one of the most promising molecular targets for such an approach. In fact, Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone protein that is involved in folding, activating and assembling of many key mediators of signal transduction, cellular growth, differentiation, stress-response and apoptothic pathways. With the aim to analyze which molecular descriptors have the higher importance in the binding interactions of these classes, we first performed molecular docking experiments on the 187 Hsp90 inhibitors included in the BindingDB, a pu…
Optimization of hybrid – ground coupled and air source – heat pump systems in combination with thermal storage
2010
Ground coupled heat pumps are attractive solutions for cooling and heating commercial buildings due to their high efficiency and their reduced environmental impact. Two possible ideas to improve the efficiency of these systems are decoupling energy generation from energy distribution and combining different HVAC systems. Based on these two ideas, we present several HVAC configurations which combine the following equipments: a ground coupled heat pump, an air to water heat pump and a thermal storage device. These HVAC configurations are linked to an office building in a cooling dominated area in order to evaluate in these conditions the total electrical consumption of each configuration to o…
Different immunohistochemical levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 in a subset of brain tumors and putative role of Hsp60 in neuroepithelial tumorigenesis
2013
In this work we analysed, by immunohistochemistry, a series of brain tumors to detect the levels and cellular distribution of Hsp60 and Hsp70. We found that Hsp60 levels were significantly higher than those of Hsp70 in neuroepithelial tumors, while levels of both molecules were not significantly different from each other in meningeal neoplasms. In particular, Hsp60 immunopositivity was present mainly at the cytoplasmic level, while Hsp70 immunopositivity was found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of tumor cells. The levels of these molecules in healthy control cells were always very low. Finally, Hsp60 and Hsp70 levels did not correlate with the different types (WHO grade) of neopla…
HSP90 and eNOS partially co-localize and change cellular localization in relation to different ECM components in 2D and 3D cultures of adult rat card…
2007
Background information. Cultivation techniques promoting three-dimensional organization of mammalian cells are of increasing interest, since they confer key functionalities of the native ECM (extracellular matrix) with a power for regenerative medicine applications. Since ECM compliance influences a number of cell functions, Matrigel-based gels have become attractive tools, because of the ease with which their mechanical properties can be controlled. In the present study, we took advantage of the chemical and mechanical tunability of commonly used cell culture substrates, and co-cultures to evaluate, on both two- and three-dimensional cultivated adult rat cardiomyocytes, the impact of ECM c…